The Bourne Shell: /bin/sh

The shell is one of the most important parts of a Unix system and that’s why developers and admins around the world rely so much on it. It’s basically a program inside which the user can run commands and create shell scripts. Unix programmers used the shell as a programming environment too. In fact, a lot of the important parts of the Unix system itself are … shell scripts.

On Linux, sometimes we need to know various information about our hardware – information like the full path of your flash drive that you have inserted in one of your USB ports, your storage devices or maybe you need to know what is the name of your audio/network card, your CPU … you name it.

Ubuntu server 18.04 LTS

1. Check the Apache2 process status

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 status 

If you’re seeing an “Active (running)“ message then it means that your Apache2 process is still running and we need to stop it.

2. Stop the Apache2 process

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop

3. Check the Apache2 process status, again.

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 status

Notice that now, the “Active” section says “inactive“.

4. Uninstall Apache2 by purging.

sudo apt-get purge apache2* -y

5. Verify if anything related to the Apache2 service has been removed

 sudo apt-get autoremove -y

6. Verify if any file or folders have been left on the server.

whereis apache2

If the result/output of the command above is empty, then Apache2 has been successfully uninstalled from your Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

We sometimes find ourserlves in the position where we need to install a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) web server.

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Finding a directory or a file

In order to successfully find a directory/folder or a file in Ubuntu, you can easily use the find command.